Chapter 1
Motion & Measurement
Speed Relation
SI: m/s (meter per second)Speed (v) = Distance (d) / Time (t)
Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance.
Variables: d = distance travelled, t = time duration
Exam Tip: To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.
Metric Length Conversions
SI: Meter (m)1 km = 1000 m | 1 m = 100 cm | 1 cm = 10 mm
Fundamental metric scale adopted worldwide for uniform scientific calculation.
Variables: Standard SI metric prefixes: kilo (10³), centi (10⁻²), milli (10⁻³)
Exam Tip: Zero error in rulers: if the 0-mark is broken, start from 1.0 cm and subtract 1.0 cm from final reading.
Chapter 2
Living Organisms & Nutrition
Caloric Energy Density
Energy: 1g Fat ≈ 9 kcal, 1g Carbohydrate ≈ 4 kcal, 1g Protein ≈ 4 kcal
Fats yield more than double the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins.
Variables: kcal = kilocalorie (unit of dietary energy)
Exam Tip: Iodine test: Starch turns dark blue-black with dilute iodine solution.